“Near jobless growth in India: An anomaly or an outcome of economic reforms.”
1. Interpretation & Key Theme Revision Tip:Structure as: (a) data on GDP vs. employment, (b) arguments for
“Cyberspace and Internet: Blessing or curse to the human civilization in the long run.”
1. Interpretation & Key Theme Revision Tip:Structure discussion as: (a) Digital empowerment and innovation, (b) risks and
“Cooperative federalism: Myth or reality.”
1. Interpretation & Key Theme Revision Tip:Frame around three pillars: fiscal, administrative, and policy cooperation. Use specific
“Innovation is the key determinant of economic growth and social welfare.”
1. Interpretation & Key Theme Revision Tip:Frame “innovation” broadly: technological, institutional, social. Show how each category elevates
“Water disputes between States in federal India”
1. Interpretation & Key Theme Revision Tip:Structure around three pillars: legal framework (Constitution, tribunals), key case studies,
“Need brings greed, if greed increases it spoils bread.”
1. Interpretation & Key Theme Revision Tip:Frame as a progression: Need → productivity → well-being; Greed → excess
“If development is not engendered, it is engendered.”
1. Interpretation & Key Theme Revision Tip:Emphasize the wordplay: “Engendered” → both “gendered” and “endangered.” Connect gender inclusion
“Social media is inherently a selfish medium”
1. Interpretation & Key Theme Revision Tip:Anchor argument around platform architecture (algorithms, monetization) that amplifies self-centered content
“We may brave human laws but cannot resist natural laws”
1. Interpretation & Key Theme Revision Tip:Juxtapose “human law” (Constitution, policy, jurisprudence) with “natural law” (gravity, thermodynamics,
“Fulfillment of new woman in India is a myth.”
1. Interpretation & Key Theme Revision Tip:Contrast the “idealized new woman” image (urban, professional) with rural and
“Joy is the simplest form of gratitude”
1. Interpretation & Key Theme Revision Tip:Think of “joy” as an active emotion that transcends “happiness” and
“Has the Non-Alignment Movement lost its relevance in a multi-polar world?”
1. Interpretation & Key Theme Revision Tip:Map “Cold War bipolarity” to “today’s multi-polarity” and examine which NAM
“Destiny of a nation is shaped in its classrooms”
1. Interpretation & Key Theme Revision Tip:Link “classroom” to “citizenship formation,” “skills and innovation,” and “social cohesion”
“Impact of new economic measures on fiscal ties between the Union and States in India”
1. Interpretation & Key Theme Revision Tip:Use “devolution vs. centralization” as the recurring motif to gauge each
“Farming has lost the ability to be a source of substance for majority of farmers in India”
1. Interpretation & Key Theme Revision Tip:Focus on the shift from “subsistence and dignity” to “distress and
“Reality does not conform to the ideal, but confirms it.”
1. Interpretation & Key Theme Revision Tip:Use the example of constitutional ideals vs. ground reality (e.g., Article
“A people that values its privileges above its principles loses both.”
1. Interpretation & Key Theme Revision Tip:Contrast “privilege” (unearned or inherited advantage) with “principle” (ethical bedrock). Use
“’The past’ is a permanent dimension of human consciousness and values.”
1. Interpretation & Key Theme Revision Tip:Think of the past as “living memory”—continuously interacting with contemporary experiences
“Customary morality cannot be a guide to modern life.”
1. Interpretation & Key Theme Revision Tip:Contrast customary morality (“what has always been done”) with normative ethics
“Management of Indian border disputes – a complex task.”
1. Interpretation & Key Theme Revision Tip:Recall India’s border lengths and the number of unresolved disputes—useful as
“Poverty anywhere is a threat to prosperity everywhere.”
1. Interpretation & Key Theme Revision Tip:Think of “one‐world” interdependence: supply chains, migration flows, disease spread, and
“A good life is one inspired by love and guided by knowledge.”
1. Interpretation & Key Theme Revision Tip:Think in terms of heart (love) and head (knowledge) synergy. Use
“Alternative technologies for a climate-change-resilient India”
1. Interpretation & Key Theme Revision Tip:Remember “Three‐P” framework: Preventive (renewables, efficiency), Protective (water harvesting, drought-resistant crops),
“Rise of Artificial Intelligence: the threat of jobless future or better job opportunities through reskilling and upskilling.”
1. Interpretation & Key Theme Revision Tip:Balance the “doom” narrative with “optimism”—illustrate both possible futures and stress
“Biased media is a real threat to Indian democracy.”
1. Interpretation & Key Theme Revision Tip:Clearly distinguish between “biased” (intentional slant) and “free” (lack of state
“Neglect of primary health care and education in India are reasons for its backwardness.”
1. Interpretation & Key Theme Revision Tip:Distinguish “primary” (first line of defense) vs. “tertiary” (specialized) sectors, and
“South-Asian societies are woven not around the state, but around their plural cultures and plural identities.”
1. Interpretation & Key Theme Revision Tip:Emphasize that “state” here denotes modern administrative apparatus, whereas “society” refers
“Courage to accept and dedication to improve are two keys to success.”
1. Interpretation & Key Theme Revision Tip:Frame “acceptance” as honest diagnosis (like a doctor diagnosing illness) and
“Best for an individual is not necessarily best for the society.”
1. Interpretation & Key Theme Revision Tip:Invoke the “tragedy of the commons” as a vivid metaphor of
“Values are not what humanity is, but what humanity ought to be.”
1. Interpretation & Key Theme Revision Tip:Contrast “descriptive” (what is) with “normative” (what ought to be). Values
“Wisdom finds truth.”
1. Interpretation & Key Theme Revision Tip:Link “wisdom” with discernment, and contrast it against rote knowledge or mere
“Technology as the silent factor in international relations”
1. Interpretation & Key Theme Revision Tip: Highlight “silent factor” as the hidden multiplier: even without overt acknowledgment,
“Patriarchy is the least noticed yet the most significant structure of social inequality”
1. Interpretation & Key Theme Revision Tip: Highlight patriarchy’s “invisibility cloak”: normalized, internalized, manifesting in laws, customs,
“There can be no social justice without economic prosperity but economic prosperity without social justice is meaningless”
1. Interpretation & Key Theme Revision Tip: Use the “two-way arrow” metaphor: prosperity → social justice ⤵,
“Culture is what we are, civilization is what we have”
1. Interpretation & Key Theme Revision Tip: Distinguish “culture” (intangible—values, language, art) from “civilization” (tangible—urbanization, institutions, technology).
“Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication”
1. Interpretation & Key Theme Revision Tip: Relate “simplicity” to both product design (Apple), policy formulation, and
“Ships do not sink because of water around them, ships sink because of water that gets into them”
1. Interpretation & Key Theme Revision Tip: Use the metaphor to discuss personal, organizational, and national contexts:
“Mindful manifesto is the catalyst to a tranquil self”
1. Interpretation & Key Theme Revision Tip: Emphasize that “mindful manifesto” implies an explicit vow or pledge
“Life is a long journey between human being and being humane”
1. Interpretation & Key Theme Revision Tip: Frame the “journey” as a progression from basic self-interest (human
