What is the basis of regionalism? Is it that unequal distribution of benefits of development on regional basis eventually promotes regionalism? Substantiate your answer.

Basis of Regionalism in India

Regionalism arises from economic, political, cultural, and social factors. It is driven by:

1. Linguistic & Cultural Identity – E.g., Dravidian Movement in Tamil Nadu.
2. Economic Disparities – Uneven development leads to demand for separate states (e.g., Telangana from Andhra Pradesh).
3. Political Aspirations – Regional parties like Shiv Sena, DMK influence governance.
4. Historical Factors – Pre-independence princely states had distinct identities (e.g., Hyderabad).
5. Geographical & Ecological Variations – Different climatic & resource bases shape identities (e.g., Northeast India).

---

Unequal Distribution of Development & Regionalism

• Economic inequalities widen the gap between regions, fueling demands for separate statehood or special status.
• Examples:
  • Vidarbha (Maharashtra) – Poor agrarian economy vs. developed Mumbai-Pune belt.
  • Bodoland (Assam) – Tribal underdevelopment despite Assam’s economic progress.
  • Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Uttarakhand – Created due to neglect of tribal/mineral-rich regions.

Case Study:

• Telangana (2014): Formed due to economic disparity with Andhra. Hyderabad’s revenue was concentrated in Coastal Andhra, leading to regional discontent.

---

Way Forward:

• Balanced Regional Development – Special focus on backward areas (e.g., Aspirational Districts Programme).
• Decentralization – Strengthening local governance for inclusive growth.
• Targeted Policies – Regional industrialization (e.g., Eastern India Development Plan).

Conclusion:

While regionalism is not inherently negative, economic inequalities exacerbate separatist tendencies. Equitable development can mitigate regional discontent, fostering national unity.