Intro:
• Arctic region is experiencing rapid climate change, impacting global weather, sea levels & geopolitics.
• India released its Arctic Policy (2022) to expand presence in the region.
Reasons for Interest:
• Climate Impact on India – Arctic ice melt affects Indian monsoon & sea level.
• Scientific Research – Indian research base Himadri in Svalbard; studies on climate, glaciers, microbes.
• Energy Security – Arctic has 13% of world’s undiscovered oil & 30% natural gas (USGS).
• Shipping Routes – Melting ice opens Northern Sea Route → reduces Europe-Asia transit time by 40%.
• Geopolitical Presence – Arctic Council Observer (since 2013); ensures India’s say in regional governance.
• Mineral Resources – Potential access to rare earths, hydrocarbons, fisheries.
• Strategic Balance – Counters influence of China & ensures access to global commons.
Conclusion:
• Arctic’s environmental, economic & strategic relevance aligns with India’s climate goals, energy needs, and global influence aspirations.
