Intro (Micro Notes Format):
The Green Revolution (1960s–70s), aimed at increasing agricultural productivity through HYVs, irrigation, fertilizers, and mechanization, largely benefitted north-western India while bypassing the eastern region, despite its natural agricultural potential.
Reasons for Eastern Region Bypass:
- Flood-Prone Topography:
- Frequent floods in Bihar, Bengal, Assam disrupted stable agricultural cycles.
- Poor drainage and waterlogging affected crop productivity.
- Fragmented Land Holdings:
- Small, scattered plots hindered mechanization and large-scale input use.
- Inadequate Infrastructure:
- Lack of irrigation canals, rural roads, storage facilities.
- Poor access to markets and agricultural extension services.
- Institutional Weakness:
- Inefficient land reforms and weak credit delivery mechanisms.
- Limited government support and policy push in initial phases.
- Socio-economic Constraints:
- High rural poverty, low literacy, and traditional farming practices.
- Lack of risk-taking capacity among farmers.
Conclusion:
Despite natural advantages, structural and infrastructural deficiencies led to the Green Revolution bypassing eastern India, requiring targeted second-generation reforms and investment.
