Sea Surface Temperature Rise & Tropical Cyclones – UPSC GS1 Micro Notes Format:
Sea Surface Temperature (SST) Rise:
- SST refers to the temperature of the ocean’s surface layer (up to ~2m deep).
- SST rise indicates warming of this surface due to global warming, El Niño, or oceanic heat accumulation.
Impact on Tropical Cyclone Formation:
- Warm SST (≥26.5°C): Critical for cyclone genesis; provides latent heat energy for convection.
- Enhanced Evaporation: Warmer seas increase moisture in the atmosphere, fueling stronger storms.
- Rapid Intensification: Higher SST accelerates cyclone intensification (e.g., Cyclone Amphan, 2020).
- Shifts in Cyclone Zones: Warmer waters expand cyclone-prone areas (e.g., Arabian Sea now witnessing more cyclones).
- Prolonged Lifespan: Sustained high SSTs allow cyclones to last longer over oceans.
- Climate Feedback: Stronger cyclones result in more damage, reinforcing vulnerability of coastal zones.
Conclusion:
SST rise amplifies both the frequency and severity of tropical cyclones, making them a major climate-induced hazard.
