What is disaster resilience? How is it determined? Describe various elements of a resilience framework. Also mention the global targets of Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015-2030). (Answer in 250 words)

What is Disaster Resilience?

Disaster resilience refers to the capacity of individuals, communities, and systems to anticipate, prepare for, respond to, and recover from disasters. It encompasses the ability to withstand shocks and stresses while maintaining essential functions and adapting to changing circumstances.

Determining Disaster Resilience

Disaster resilience is determined by several factors, including:

1. Vulnerability Assessment: Identifying and analyzing the weaknesses within a community or system that may exacerbate the impact of disasters.
2. Risk Analysis: Evaluating the likelihood and potential impact of various hazards.
3. Capacity Assessment: Understanding the resources, skills, and infrastructure available to mitigate disaster effects and support recovery.

Elements of a Resilience Framework

1. Preparedness: Planning and training for potential disasters to enhance response effectiveness.
2. Mitigation: Implementing measures to reduce disaster risks and impacts, such as improved building codes and land-use planning.
3. Response: Immediate actions taken during and after a disaster to save lives, protect property, and meet basic needs.
4. Recovery: Processes that restore and improve community functions and services post-disaster.
5. Adaptation: Long-term strategies that enhance resilience through learning and adjusting to new risks.

Global Targets of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015-2030)

The Sendai Framework outlines seven global targets to reduce disaster risk:

1. Target A: Substantially reduce global disaster mortality by 2030.
2. Target B: Substantially reduce the number of affected people globally.
3. Target C: Reduce direct economic losses relative to GDP.
4. Target D: Reduce damage to critical infrastructure and disruption of basic services.
5. Target E: Increase the number of countries with disaster risk reduction strategies.
6. Target F: Enhance international cooperation to developing countries.
7. Target G: Promote the use of disaster risk reduction measures in all policies.

These targets guide efforts to enhance resilience globally and minimize disaster impacts.