The Indian irrigation system faces several significant challenges:
Major Challenges
- Water Scarcity: Over-extraction of groundwater and uneven rainfall patterns lead to water shortages, impacting irrigation efficiency.
- Aging Infrastructure: Many irrigation systems are outdated and poorly maintained, leading to water losses and inefficiencies in distribution.
- Inequitable Distribution: Disparities in water access exist, with certain regions facing chronic shortages while others have surplus, leading to conflicts and unequal agricultural productivity.
- Climate Change: Altered weather patterns and increased frequency of droughts and floods disrupt traditional irrigation practices and threaten crop yields.
- Pollution: Contamination of water sources from industrial and agricultural runoff adversely affects irrigation quality and crop health.
Government Measures
- Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana (PMKSY): Launched to enhance irrigation coverage, this scheme aims to provide sustainable water sources and promote efficient irrigation practices like drip and sprinkler systems.
- National Water Policy: Emphasizes integrated water resource management, focusing on sustainable usage and conservation of water resources.
- Command Area Development and Water Management (CADWM): This program aims to improve the efficiency of irrigation systems by promoting better water management practices and infrastructure development.
- Revamping of Existing Projects: The government is investing in modernizing and repairing aging irrigation infrastructure to reduce water wastage.
- Promotion of Rainwater Harvesting: Encouraging the adoption of rainwater harvesting techniques to enhance groundwater recharge and ensure a sustainable water supply for irrigation.
These measures aim to enhance the efficiency and sustainability of India’s irrigation system, ensuring food security and supporting agricultural development.
