Growing Regionalism and Demand for Separate States
Introduction
Regionalism is a political and social phenomenon where people identify more with their region than the nation. It has led to demands for separate states based on language, ethnicity, economic disparity, and cultural identity.
Factors Linking Regionalism to Statehood Demands
- Linguistic & Cultural Identity
- States Reorganization Act (1956) led to linguistic states like Andhra Pradesh (Telugu-speaking).
- Recent demands: Gorkhaland (West Bengal), Bodoland (Assam), Vidarbha (Maharashtra).
- Economic Disparities
- Uneven development between regions within a state fuels statehood demands.
- Example: Telangana’s formation (2014) due to economic neglect by Andhra Pradesh.
- Political Aspirations
- Regional political parties mobilize sentiments for self-rule.
- Example: Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (JMM) led to the creation of Jharkhand (2000).
- Administrative Efficiency
- Smaller states are argued to be better governed.
- Example: Chhattisgarh’s improved administration after separation from Madhya Pradesh (2000).
Way Forward
- Balanced regional development to reduce inequalities.
- Decentralization through 73rd & 74th Amendments to empower local governance.
- Negotiation over bifurcation to ensure economic viability of new states.
Conclusion
While regionalism fosters diverse identities, unchecked demands for statehood can threaten national unity. A federal approach ensuring regional autonomy while maintaining national integrity is the key to addressing these demands.
