| Election Commission of India (ECI) | Art 324 | 1. By President 2. Strength: 1+2 | 1. By President 2. Tenure: 6 years or 65 years | No specific qualification | Same as SC Judge | To President; laid before both Houses | 1. CEC: Like SC Judge 2. Other ECs: On CEC’s recommendation | Not debarred | Directory, not mandatory | – Expenses not charged on CFI – Determines territorial areas of constituencies (Delimitation Act) – State Election Commissioner removed like HC Judge – Advice for disqualification binding on President/Governor – ECI cannot deregister parties, only delist/derecognize |
| Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) | Art 315-324 | 1. By President (SPSC by Governor) 2. Strength: 9-11 | 1. By President (SPSC: Governor) 2. Tenure: 6 years or 65 years (SPSC: 62 years) | 1. Not specified 2. ½ members must have 10 years’ experience in Central/State service | Charged on: 1. UPSC: CFI 2. SPSC: CFoS | 1. To President; laid before Parliament 2. SPSC & JPSC: To Governor | 1. No role of Parliament 2. By President for insolvency, infirmity, or misconduct (enquiry by SC) | 1. Chair: Not eligible 2. Members: Eligible for UPSC chair but not reappointment | Advisory | – AIS & Central services may be excluded from UPSC consultation (needs Parliament’s approval) – UPSC consulted for recruitment, promotions, and transfers, but not for reservations or tribunal appointments – JPSC is statutory, not constituted by President |
| Finance Commission (FC) | Art 280 | 1. By President 2. Strength: 1+4 | 1. By President 2. Tenure: 3 years | As per FC Act, 1951: – Chair: Experience in public affairs – Members: (1) HC Judge (2) Finance & Accounts Expert (3) Financial & Administrative Expert (4) Economist | As per Central Govt provisions (FC Act, 1951) | To President; submitted annually or as necessary | Grounds: 1. Mentally unsound 2. Insolvent 3. Convicted for immoral offence (enquiry by SC) | Eligible for reappointment | Advisory | – Autonomous body under GoI – All powers of Civil Court (CrPC) – Dependent on state-supplied data |
| National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC) | Art 338 & 338A | 1+1+3 | Not specified | NCST Rules, 1990: – Chair: Eminent socio-political worker (ST background) – Members: 2 from ST, 1 woman | Same as Secretary, GoI | To President via Union Minority Minister | 1. Chair: By President (grounds: insolvency, infirmity, etc.) 2. Members: If absent for 3+ meetings without permission | Not eligible for more than two terms | Mandatory | – Central & State governments must consult commission on all SC policy matters – 338(10): Includes OBCs & Anglo-Indians – 89th Amendment (2003): Bifurcated from NCSCST |
| Special Officer for Linguistic Minorities (LM) | Art 350B | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | To President; sent to each state government | Not specified | Not eligible | Advisory | – 7th Amendment (1956): Established HQ in Allahabad |
| Comptroller & Auditor General of India (CAG) | Art 148 | 1. By President 2. Tenure: 6 years or 65 years | 1. By Parliament 2. Same removal process as SC Judge | Same as SC Judge | 1. Charged on CFI 2. Salary fixed by Parliament | 1. President & Governor 2. 3 audit reports: (1) Appropriation (2) Finance (3) Public Undertakings 3. PAC examines & reports findings to Parliament | Same as SC Judges | Not eligible | Mandatory | – CAG Act, 1971: Defines duties, powers, and functions – 1976 amendment: Separated audit & accounts functions – SC judgment (2014): Can audit private firms in revenue-sharing deals with Govt (natural resources) – External auditor for 11 UN agencies |
| Attorney General of India (AGI) | Art 76 | 1. By President 2. Pleasure of President | Not specified | Same as SC Judge | 1. Salary decided by Parliament 2. Not charged on CFI | Not specified | 1. Not a Govt servant 2. Removed at President’s pleasure | Not eligible | Advisory | – Right to audience in all courts in India – Can accept directorship in a company (with GoI approval) – Solicitor General appointed by Cabinet Committee |
