Intro:
Himalayan glaciers, known as the “Third Pole,” are vital for sustaining major rivers in the Indian subcontinent. Their accelerated melting is a key indicator of climate change.
Relationship between Shrinking Glaciers & Climate Change Symptoms:
- Glacial Retreat:
- Studies show 15–20% glacial shrinkage in Himalayas over the last few decades (e.g., Gangotri Glacier retreating ~22 meters/year).
- Caused by rising temperatures (0.6°C rise in the 20th century in the Himalayas).
- Altered River Flow:
- Initial increase in river discharge due to melting.
- Long-term risk of reduced flows in Ganga, Brahmaputra, Indus affecting agriculture, drinking water, and hydropower.
- Increased Frequency of GLOFs:
- Melting glaciers form unstable glacial lakes, leading to Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs).
- Uttarakhand (2021) disaster linked to such events.
- Changing Monsoon Patterns:
- Enhanced atmospheric moisture alters monsoon intensity and timing, causing droughts and floods.
Conclusion:
Shrinking Himalayan glaciers are both a symptom and a driver of climate-related disruptions in the Indian subcontinent, threatening water security and ecological balance.
