Intro (Micro Notes Format):
The spatial pattern of the iron and steel industry has shifted from traditional core regions to new centers due to changes in raw material access, technology, labor, energy costs, and global trade dynamics.
Shifting Spatial Patterns:
- Traditional Regions (Declining):
- UK, Germany’s Ruhr, USA’s Pittsburgh – close to coal and iron ore.
- Decline due to depletion of raw materials, high labor costs, and environmental regulations.
- New Growth Areas:
- China: Largest producer; coastal steel plants linked to imported raw materials.
- India: Domestic demand, access to iron ore in Chhota Nagpur Plateau.
- South Korea & Japan: Coastal-based, raw material imports and export-oriented production.
- Trends in Relocation:
- Shift to coastal locations for easier raw material import/export.
- Proximity to market and labor more important than raw material.
- Mini mills and electric arc furnaces enable flexible, decentralized production.
Conclusion:
Globalization, technology, and economic liberalization have reshaped the iron and steel industry’s geography, moving it toward developing countries and coastal areas.
