Introduction:
The chapter “A Homage to Brave Soldiers” reflects on the sacrifices made by Indian soldiers who fought to protect the nation’s freedom and integrity. Through a personal account of a visit to the National War Memorial, the narrator, Soumya, shares the significance of the memorial, the bravery of soldiers, and the emotional impact of learning about the courage, valor, and sacrifices made by the Indian Armed Forces. The chapter highlights the importance of remembering these heroes and honoring their contributions for the country’s peace and security.
Summary:
In the chapter, Soumya writes a letter to her friend Ananda, describing her experience of visiting the National War Memorial in New Delhi. The memorial commemorates the soldiers who have given their lives for India, especially post-independence. Soumya learns about various gallantry awards, including the Param Vir Chakra and Maha Vir Chakra, which are given to soldiers for their extraordinary bravery. She is deeply moved by the stories of soldiers like Major Padmapani Acharya, who made the ultimate sacrifice during the Kargil War in 1999.
The visit to the memorial, including its Amar Jawan Jyoti and the four Chakras, leaves Soumya feeling inspired and proud of the soldiers’ courage and sacrifices. The chapter also underscores the significance of the National War Memorial in reminding future generations about the cost of freedom and the importance of honoring these brave hearts.
Theme of the Chapter:
The main theme of “A Homage to Brave Soldiers” is honor and remembrance. The chapter emphasizes the importance of remembering and acknowledging the sacrifices made by soldiers in safeguarding the nation’s freedom and security. It also explores themes of courage, sacrifice, and patriotism, as the narrator reflects on how these values are exemplified by the soldiers commemorated at the National War Memorial. Through this experience, Soumya is inspired to lead a life that is worthy of the sacrifices made by these brave men and women.
Soumya K.
House No…, Jayanagar,
Bengaluru
Date: 14 April 2022
Dear Ananda,
Hope you are all doing well!
Do you remember our last conversation about ‘war and peace’? We talked about how India had to struggle for its Independence from the British for many centuries. Post-independence our country has had to fight several wars to protect its borders, territorial integrity, and its people. This made me wonder, who were these brave Indian people? They fought to protect our country and sacrificed their lives so that we could lead our lives in peace. What were their names? Where did they come from? Does anyone remember anything about them?
Paragraph Explanation:
This paragraph is presented as part of a letter written by Soumya to Ananda. It begins with a friendly greeting and a reference to their earlier conversation about “war and peace.” Soumya reflects on India’s struggle for independence from British rule, which lasted for centuries. She mentions that even after achieving independence, India has faced several wars to protect its borders and ensure the safety of its people. This leads Soumya to think deeply about the brave soldiers who fought and sacrificed their lives for the country. She wonders about their identities, backgrounds, and whether their sacrifices are remembered.
Difficult Words with Meanings:
| Word | Simple English | Hindi (हिंदी) | Urdu (اردو) |
| Independence | Freedom from control by others | स्वतंत्रता | آزادی |
| Struggle | A difficult fight or effort | संघर्ष | جدوجہد |
| Post-independence | After gaining freedom | स्वतंत्रता के बाद | آزادی کے بعد |
| Territorial integrity | Keeping the land and borders of a country safe | भौगोलिक अखंडता | جغرافیائی سالمیت |
| Sacrificed | Gave up something valuable for a cause | बलिदान दिया | قربانی دی |
| Brave | Showing courage and strength | बहादुर | بہادر |
| Protect | Keep safe from harm | रक्षा करना | حفاظت کرنا |
Last week I got the answers to some of my questions during an educational trip to New Delhi organised by our school. You may recall, I was looking forward to this trip and our visit to many places of historical and educational significance. I learnt several new and intersting things, and I am excited to share them with you.
Paragraph Explanation:
In this paragraph, Soumya shares her excitement about an educational trip to New Delhi that her school organized. She mentions that the trip provided answers to some of the questions she had been pondering. This trip included visits to places of historical and educational importance, which she had eagerly anticipated. Soumya expresses her enthusiasm about learning many new and interesting things during the trip and looks forward to sharing these experiences with her friend Ananda.
Difficult Words with Meanings:
| Word | Simple English | Hindi (हिंदी) | Urdu (اردو) |
| Educational | Related to learning or gaining knowledge | शैक्षिक | تعلیمی |
| Organised | Arranged or planned | आयोजित किया गया | منظم کیا گیا |
| Historical | Related to past events or history | ऐतिहासिक | تاریخی |
| Significance | Importance or meaning | महत्व | اہمیت |
| Anticipated | Looked forward to or expected | प्रत्याशित | منتظر |
| Enthusiasm | Excitement and eagerness | उत्साह | جوش و خروش |
Let me begin by asking you to guess the name of the monument that I found most inspiring. Lets see if you can guess? The construction of this monument started in April 2018 and was completed in February 2019. It was envisioned and then inaugurated by India’s Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi in February 2019. In terms of location and size, it is spread over 40 acres of land near the iconic India Gate. But more importantly, it is a tribute to some of the bravest Indians. I’m sure you’ve guessed! It’s the ‘National War Memorial’. Won’t you say, a long desired aspiration was fullfilled?
Word Meanings:
| Word | Simple English | Hindi (हिंदी) | Urdu (اردو) |
| Monument | A structure built to honor someone or something | स्मारक | یادگار |
| Inspiring | Making you feel motivated or excited | प्रेरणादायक | متاثر کن |
| Envisioned | Imagined or planned for the future | कल्पना की गई | تصور کیا گیا |
| Inaugurated | Officially opened or started | उद्घाटन किया गया | افتتاح کیا گیا |
| Iconic | Famous and symbolic | प्रतीकात्मक | علامتی |
| Tribute | A show of respect or honor | श्रद्धांजलि | خراج تحسین |
| Aspiration | A strong desire or goal | आकांक्षा | خواہش |
| Fulfilled | Achieved or completed | पूरा किया गया | پورا کیا گیا |
Explanation:
Soumya shares an engaging riddle-like description of the monument she found most inspiring during her trip. She provides clues, such as the monument’s construction timeline (April 2018 to February 2019), its location near India Gate, and its dedication to honoring India’s bravest individuals. This monument, the National War Memorial, was envisioned and inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Soumya emphasizes how the memorial fulfilled a long-standing desire to honor the sacrifices of Indian soldiers in a fitting manner. This paragraph highlights her admiration for the memorial’s significance and purpose.
Our visit to the National War Memorial began with our teacher explaining that even after independence, India has had to fight many wars to protect itself, and the freedom and security we enjoy today is because of the many brave men and women who have served in the Indian Armed Forces over decades. Sadly, she said, war always takes its toll, and therefore, many brave soldiers have had to sacrifice their lives for the country even after our independence in 1947. This is what makes monuments like the National War Memorial extremely important so that we should never forget the cost of freedom. We are aware, always, of the pain and horrors of war. We learnt that each brick of the memorial is called a tablet, and it bears the names of soldiers who fought for India and made the supreme sacrifice in different wars from 1947 till date, including the Indo-China conflict of 1962, the Indo-Pak Wars in 1965 & 1971 and the Kargil War in 1999. There are 29,000 tablets on which more than 26,000 names of fallen soldiers have been etched.
Word Meanings:
| Word | Simple English | Hindi (हिंदी) | Urdu (اردو) |
| Armed Forces | Military forces, including the Army, Navy, and Air Force | सशस्त्र बल | مسلح افواج |
| Sacrifice | To give up something valuable, often life, for a cause | बलिदान | قربانی |
| Toll | The cost or damage caused by something | नुकसान | نقصان |
| Supreme Sacrifice | The greatest sacrifice, usually giving one’s life | सर्वोच्च बलिदान | سب سے بڑی قربانی |
| Horrors | Terrible and shocking events | भयावहता | ہولناکی |
| Conflict | A fight or battle between groups or countries | संघर्ष | تنازعہ |
| Etched | Carved or engraved into a surface | उकेरा गया | کندہ کیا گیا |
Explanation:
During their visit to the National War Memorial, Soumya’s teacher explained the importance of remembering the sacrifices of the brave soldiers of India. She highlighted that even after gaining independence in 1947, India had to fight several wars to safeguard its freedom and security. These wars, while ensuring the nation’s safety, also caused immense loss of life, making the construction of the memorial essential to honor and remember the sacrifices of soldiers.
The memorial comprises 29,000 tablets, with over 26,000 names of fallen soldiers engraved on them. These soldiers laid down their lives in wars such as the Indo-China conflict of 1962, the Indo-Pak Wars of 1965 and 1971, and the Kargil War in 1999. The teacher’s explanation emphasized the cost of freedom and the lasting impact of war, instilling in students a deep respect for those who served and a solemn reminder of the horrors of war.
It was heartening to know that our government has recognised the sacrifice of brave soldiers. Our teacher told us about the 21 bravehearts who were awarded the Param Vir Chakra (PVC), India’s highest wartime gallantry medal, for their service to the nation. She also told us about Maha Vir Chakra (MVC), Kirti Chakra (KC), Vir Chakra (VrC) and Shaurya Chakra (SC).
Word Meanings:
| Word | Simple English | Hindi (हिंदी) | Urdu (اردو) |
| Heartening | Something that makes you feel good or hopeful | दिल को सुकून देने वाला | دل کو تسلی دینے والا |
| Recognised | Acknowledged or appreciated | मान्यता दी गई | تسلیم کیا گیا |
| Sacrifice | To give up something valuable, often life, for a cause | बलिदान | قربانی |
| Bravehearts | Courageous and brave people | वीर हृदय | بہادر افراد |
| Gallantry | Great bravery in battle or dangerous situations | वीरता | بہادری |
| Medal | An award given for special achievement | पदक | تمغہ |
Explanation:
Soumya shares her admiration for the way the government has recognized the sacrifices of India’s brave soldiers. Her teacher explained that 21 soldiers have been awarded the Param Vir Chakra (PVC), which is the highest wartime gallantry medal in India. This award is given to those who display extraordinary courage during war.
Additionally, the teacher also mentioned other prestigious medals:
- Maha Vir Chakra (MVC): Second-highest wartime gallantry award.
- Kirti Chakra (KC): Awarded for bravery during peacetime.
- Vir Chakra (VrC): Third-highest wartime gallantry award.
- Shaurya Chakra (SC): Awarded for courage in non-combat situations.
This information highlights the nation’s effort to honor its heroes and ensures their bravery is remembered for generations to come.
Major Somnath Sharma was posthumously awarded India’s first PVC, in the Battle of Badgam in 1947. Later some more PVCs were awarded for exceptional gallantry during the India-China Conflict of 1962, and the India-Pakistan War of 1965. Besides, a PVC was also awarded for service during the U.N.Peace Keeping Operations in Congo.
Word Meanings:
| Word | Simple English | Hindi (हिंदी) | Urdu (اردو) |
| Posthumously | After a person’s death | मरणोपरांत | بعد از مرگ |
| Gallantry | Courage and bravery in dangerous situations | वीरता | بہادری |
| Conflict | A serious disagreement or war | संघर्ष | تنازعہ |
| Operations | Organized military activities | अभियान | کارروائیاں |
| U.N. Peace Keeping | Efforts by the United Nations to maintain peace | संयुक्त राष्ट्र शांति स्थापना | اقوام متحدہ کی امن کوششیں |
Explanation:
The first Param Vir Chakra (PVC) was awarded posthumously to Major Somnath Sharma for his bravery during the Battle of Badgam in 1947, part of the first war with Pakistan after independence. This award marked the beginning of India’s recognition of extraordinary military bravery.
Soumya also highlights that more PVCs were awarded for acts of exceptional courage during:
- The India-China Conflict of 1962.
- The India-Pakistan War of 1965.
Interestingly, one PVC was awarded for courage shown during the United Nations Peacekeeping Operations in Congo, showcasing India’s contribution to global peace efforts. This paragraph reflects the varied contexts in which Indian soldiers have shown unmatched valor.
In the 1971 war, some of the heroes who were awarded the PVC (posthumously) includes Lance Naik Albert Ekka, Flying Officer Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon, Second Lieutenant Arun Khetarpal and Major Hoshiar Singh. Some Navy personnel including Captain Mahendra Nath Mulla were also awarded MVC for their exemplary courage and leadership.
Word Meanings:
| Word | Simple English | Hindi (हिंदी) | Urdu (اردو) |
| Posthumously | After a person’s death | मरणोपरांत | بعد از مرگ |
| Lance Naik | A rank in the Indian Army | लांस नायक | لانس نائک |
| Exemplary | Outstanding or serving as an example | अनुकरणीय | شاندار |
| Courage | Bravery in a dangerous situation | साहस | بہادری |
| Leadership | The ability to guide or lead others | नेतृत्व | قیادت |
| Personnel | Members of an organization | कर्मचारी | عملہ |
Explanation:
During the 1971 Indo-Pak War, several brave soldiers were honored for their courage and sacrifice. Some of the heroes who were posthumously awarded the Param Vir Chakra (PVC) include:
- Lance Naik Albert Ekka
- Flying Officer Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon
- Second Lieutenant Arun Khetarpal
- Major Hoshiar Singh
The Navy also displayed exceptional bravery, with personnel like Captain Mahendra Nath Mulla receiving the Maha Vir Chakra (MVC) for his remarkable courage and leadership. This paragraph highlights how individuals across different branches of the armed forces contributed to the nation’s victory and were rightfully recognized for their heroism.
Then the teacher shared with us the citation of Param Vir Chakra awardee Lance Naik Albert Ekka. It touched my heart and also motivated me. We were awestruck and humbled by his bravery. I aspire to be couragous like him when I join the army!
Word Meanings:
| Word | Simple English | Hindi (हिंदी) | Urdu (اردو) |
| Citation | A formal statement describing someone’s bravery | प्रशस्तिपत्र | حوالہ |
| Awardee | A person who has received an award | पुरस्कार प्राप्तकर्ता | انعام یافتہ شخص |
| Touched | Made to feel emotional | भावुक | متاثر کیا |
| Awestruck | Filled with wonder and admiration | विस्मय से भरा | حیرت زدہ |
| Humbled | Made to feel modest or respectful | विनम्र | عاجز |
| Aspire | Strongly wish to achieve something | आकांक्षा करना | خواہش رکھنا |
| Courageous | Brave or fearless | साहसी | بہادر |
Explanation:
Soumya recounts how her teacher read out the citation of Param Vir Chakra awardee Lance Naik Albert Ekka. The citation described his extraordinary bravery, which deeply moved Soumya and inspired her. She and her classmates felt a sense of awe and humility in recognizing his courage and sacrifice. This moment was so impactful that it strengthened Soumya’s aspiration to join the army and be as courageous as Lance Naik Albert Ekka.
This paragraph highlights how stories of valor can motivate young minds and instill a sense of patriotism and determination.
As we continued our visit around the National War Memorial, we came across another important installation called Amar Jawan Jyoti that commemorates our soldiers. The name, as you may have guessed, represents an immortal flame that is kept ablaze all through the day and night to revere the sacrifices of our soldiers. Earlier the Amar Jawan Jyoti which also displayed a rifle and a helmet was alighted under the arch of India Gate in January 1972 to commemorate India’s victory in the India-Pakistan War of 1971.
Word Meanings:
| Word | Simple English | Hindi (हिंदी) | Urdu (اردو) |
| Installation | A large structure or artwork put in place for a purpose | स्थापना | تنصیب |
| Commemorates | Honors or remembers a person or event | स्मरण करना | یادگار بنانا |
| Immortal | Unable to die or be forgotten | अमर | ابدی |
| Ablaze | Burning brightly | प्रज्वलित | روشن |
| Revere | To show deep respect or honor | श्रद्धा करना | احترام کرنا |
| Alighted | Lit or set on fire | प्रज्वलित करना | روشن کرنا |
| Arch | A curved structure, often a decorative feature | मेहराब | محراب |
Explanation:
As Soumya and her classmates continued their tour, they came across the Amar Jawan Jyoti, another important memorial dedicated to soldiers. The name means “Immortal Soldier’s Flame,” and it symbolizes an eternal flame that burns day and night in honor of the sacrifices made by soldiers. This flame is a reminder of their bravery and the cost of freedom.
The Amar Jawan Jyoti was originally placed under the arch of India Gate in January 1972 to commemorate India’s victory in the India-Pakistan War of 1971. The flame is accompanied by a rifle and helmet, representing the fallen soldiers. This memorial is a powerful symbol of respect and reverence for the soldiers who gave their lives for the country.
The National War Memorial now includes Amar Jawan Jyoti in the obelisk which is surrounded by four chakras. During the inauguration, the Prime Minister lit a new flame to commemorate the fallen heroes. Later, the old flame at India Gate was also merged with the new flame at the National War Memorial. Here is a picture of the new Amar Jawan Jyoti if you haven’t seen it. You can see the obelisk surrounded by wreaths that have been placed as a mark of respect. The lighting design is planned in such a way that it transforms the monument’s landscape as sunlight changes from dawn to dusk. It truly is a majestic site that filled me with pride for our nation. I was also overwhelmed by the interminable flame as a metaphor for eternal stories of courage and valour.
Word Meanings:
| Word | Simple English | Hindi (हिंदी) | Urdu (اردو) |
| Obelisk | A tall, four-sided pillar, usually with a pointed top | शूल | ستون |
| Chakra | A symbol, often a wheel, representing energy or force | चक्र | چکر |
| Wreath | A circular arrangement of flowers or leaves, used as a tribute | माला | ہار |
| Respect | Deep admiration or honor | सम्मान | احترام |
| Landscape | The visible features of an area of land | दृश्य | منظر |
| Majestic | Grand, impressive, or beautiful | भव्य | شاندار |
| Overwhelmed | Feeling deeply affected or emotional | अभिभूत | مغلوب ہو جانا |
| Interminable | Never-ending, lasting forever | अनंत | لامتناہی |
| Metaphor | A figure of speech where one thing is said to be another | उपमा | استعارہ |
| Eternal | Never-ending, lasting forever | शाश्वत | ابدی |
| Valour | Great courage or bravery | साहस | بہادری |
Explanation:
The National War Memorial now includes the Amar Jawan Jyoti within a structure called an obelisk, surrounded by four chakras (symbols representing energy). During the inauguration, the Prime Minister lit a new flame to honor the fallen heroes, and later, the old flame from India Gate was merged with this new flame at the memorial.
Soumya describes the memorial as a majestic site that filled her with national pride. She was deeply moved by the interminable flame, which symbolizes the eternal stories of courage and bravery of the soldiers. The lighting of the memorial is designed in such a way that it changes with the time of day, creating a powerful visual experience. Wreaths have been placed around the obelisk as a tribute to those who sacrificed their lives.
This paragraph emphasizes the solemnity, beauty, and deep emotional connection people feel when visiting such memorials.
Our teacher also explained the significance of the Chakras to us. I found it interesting and hence sharing with you.
The National War Memorial consists of 4 concentric circles which are known as Amar Chakra, Veerta Chakra, Tyag Chakra and Raksha Chakra around a 15-meter-tall central obelisk with the eternal flame— the Amar Jawan Jyoti. It also houses bronze and stone murals and graphic panels. Isn’t it amazing!
Word Meanings:
| Word | Simple English | Hindi (हिंदी) | Urdu (اردو) |
| Significance | The importance or meaning of something | महत्व | اہمیت |
| Concentric | Having a common center, like circles within circles | सहकेंद्रीय | ہم مرکز |
| Chakra | A symbol, often representing energy or force | चक्र | چکر |
| Obelisk | A tall, four-sided pillar, usually with a pointed top | शूल | ستون |
| Eternal | Never-ending, lasting forever | शाश्वत | ابدی |
| Murals | Large paintings or artworks, often on walls | भित्तिचित्र | دیواروں پر پینٹنگز |
| Graphic | Visual representations, like pictures or designs | चित्रात्मक | گرافک |
Explanation:
Soumya shares her teacher’s explanation about the Chakras at the National War Memorial. The memorial is made up of four concentric circles, each symbolizing a different aspect of courage and sacrifice:
- Amar Chakra – Symbolizing immortality and the eternal spirit of soldiers.
- Veerta Chakra – Representing courage and bravery.
- Tyag Chakra – Signifying sacrifice.
- Raksha Chakra – Symbolizing protection and security of the nation.
In the center, there is a 15-meter-tall obelisk with the eternal flame known as Amar Jawan Jyoti. The memorial also features bronze and stone murals and graphic panels that further honor the soldiers’ sacrifices.
This part highlights the thoughtfulness behind the design of the memorial and how each element represents a deeper meaning, making it not just a structure, but a symbol of national pride and respect.
The innermost circle represents the Amar Chakra, also known as the ‘Circle of Immortality’. This has the Obelisk with Eternal Flame. The Amar Jawan Jyoti flame symbolises the immortality of the spirit of fallen soldiers with the assurance that the nation will never forget their sacrifice.
The second circle is called the Veerta Chakra which is also known as the ‘Circle of Bravery’. There is a covered gallery that exhibits six murals crafted in bronze depicting valiant battle actions of our Armed Forces.
Word Meanings:
| Word | Simple English | Hindi (हिंदी) | Urdu (اردو) |
| Innermost | The very center or most inner part | सबसे भीतरी | سب سے اندرونی |
| Immortality | The ability to live forever or be remembered forever | अमरता | ابدیت |
| Symbolise | To represent or stand for something | प्रतीक होना | نمائندگی کرنا |
| Assurance | A promise or guarantee | आश्वासन | یقین دہانی |
| Valient | Showing great courage or determination | वीर | شجاع |
| Gallery | A place where artworks or objects are displayed | गैलरी | گیلری |
| Exhibits | Things displayed for others to see | प्रदर्शन | نمائش |
Explanation:
The Amar Chakra, or the ‘Circle of Immortality’, is the innermost circle of the memorial. It houses the obelisk with the eternal flame of Amar Jawan Jyoti, which symbolizes the everlasting spirit of the fallen soldiers. The flame is a symbol of the nation’s promise to never forget the sacrifice made by these brave souls.
The second circle, called the Veerta Chakra (or the ‘Circle of Bravery’), features a gallery with six bronze murals. These murals depict the valiant battle actions of the Indian Armed Forces, celebrating their courage and heroism.
This section emphasizes the powerful symbols and artwork that preserve the memory of the soldiers’ bravery and sacrifice.
The third circle represents the Tyag Chakra, also known as the ‘Circle of Sacrifice’. The circular concentric walls of honour symbolise the ancient war formation which is called Chakravyuh. The walls are covered with granite tablets and individual tablet is solely dedicated to each fallen hero of post-Independent India. Their names are etched in golden letters.
Word Meanings:
| Word | Simple English | Hindi (हिंदी) | Urdu (اردو) |
| Tyag Chakra | The ‘Circle of Sacrifice’, representing the sacrifice of soldiers | त्याग चक्र | قربانی کا چکر |
| Concentric | Having a common center, like circles within circles | सहकेंद्रीय | ہم مرکز |
| Formation | A structured arrangement, especially in military context | संरचना | ترتیب |
| Chakravyuh | A traditional military formation, often a complex one | चक्रव्यूह | چکرویوہ |
| Granite | A hard, durable rock used in construction | ग्रेनाइट | گرانائٹ |
| Etched | Carved or engraved into a surface | उकेरा हुआ | کھدائی کرنا |
| Golden letters | Letters written or inscribed in gold | सुनहरे अक्षर | سنہری حروف |
Explanation:
The third circle, known as the Tyag Chakra (or the ‘Circle of Sacrifice’), honors the ultimate sacrifice made by soldiers. The concentric walls of honor represent an ancient military formation called Chakravyuh, which symbolizes the strength and discipline of the armed forces.
The walls are covered with granite tablets, each dedicated to a fallen hero of post-independence India. Their names are etched in golden letters, ensuring that their sacrifice is remembered forever. This section highlights the respect and reverence given to those who gave their lives for the country.
The outermost circle represents the Raksha Chakra, which is also known as the ‘Circle of Protection’. In this chakra the row of trees is a reassurance to the citizens of the country about their safety against any threat. Each tree represents the soldiers who ensure the territorial integrity of the nation.
Word Meanings:
| Word | Simple English | Hindi (हिंदी) | Urdu (اردو) |
| Outermost | The outermost part or the farthest point | बाहरी | سب سے باہر |
| Reassurance | A promise or statement that makes someone feel safe or confident | आश्वासन | یقین دہانی |
| Citizens | People who live in a particular country or city | नागरिक | شہری |
| Territorial integrity | The concept of keeping the borders of a country safe and secure | भौगोलिक अखंडता | علاقائی سالمیت |
Explanation:
The outermost circle of the National War Memorial is the Raksha Chakra (or the ‘Circle of Protection’). In this chakra, there is a row of trees, which symbolizes the protection offered to the citizens of India. These trees reassure the people about their safety against any threat, signifying the soldiers who stand guard to maintain the territorial integrity of the nation. The trees represent the brave soldiers who protect the country’s borders, ensuring the safety and security of the nation.
This part highlights how the memorial also symbolizes the defense and protection of the country through the soldiers’ sacrifices.
We spent the whole day, from morning to evening, at the National War Memorial and the surrounding areas, marked by majestic lawns and grand buildings of Kartavyapath. We were immersed in the ambience that was solemn and a reminder of what a free nation could achieve. The overall environment created an emotive experience that was visually inspiring. I felt as if I had developed bond with the place.
Word Meanings:
| Word | Simple English | Hindi (हिंदी) | Urdu (اردو) |
| Immersed | Completely involved or absorbed in something | पूरी तरह डूबा हुआ | محو |
| Ambience | The character or atmosphere of a place | वातावरण | ماحول |
| Solemn | Serious and respectful | गंभीर | سنجیدہ |
| Emotive | Causing strong feelings | भावुक | جذباتی |
| Bond | A strong connection or relationship | संबंध | رشتہ |
Explanation:
Soumya describes how the class spent the whole day at the National War Memorial and its surrounding areas, which include the majestic lawns and the grand buildings of Kartavyapath. The atmosphere was solemn, meaning it was serious and respectful, which made them reflect on the freedom India enjoys today. The experience was deeply emotive, stirring strong feelings of patriotism and respect.
Soumya mentions how she felt a personal bond with the place, highlighting the emotional impact the visit had on her. It was not just an educational trip, but one that made her connect deeply with the history and sacrifice behind the memorial.
This final section emphasizes how powerful such experiences can be in forming lasting emotional connections with national symbols and history. Let me know if you need any further details or explanations!
I learnt a lot. But I also have to admit that the various discourses on the day brought tears to my eyes. It was sad to think about the massive devastation and loss of life caused by wars. It motivated me to live a life worthy of the sacrifices of our heroes.
Word Meanings:
| Word | Simple English | Hindi (हिंदी) | Urdu (اردو) |
| Discourses | Formal talks or discussions | भाषण | خطبات |
| Devastation | Great destruction or damage | विध्वंस | تباہی |
| Motivated | Inspired or encouraged to take action | प्रेरित | حوصلہ افزائی کرنا |
| Worthy | Deserving of something good or honorable | योग्य | لائق |
Explanation:
In this final part, Soumya reflects on the discourses or talks and discussions that took place during the visit, which moved her deeply. The stories and information about the devastation and loss of life caused by wars made her emotional, and she shed tears thinking about the sacrifices made by soldiers. This experience motivated her to live a life that would be worthy of the immense sacrifices made by the country’s heroes. It inspired her to be courageous and live with purpose.
This conclusion highlights the emotional and motivational impact of understanding the cost of freedom and the value of living a meaningful life in honor of those who served and sacrificed for the nation.
After our visit, the class decided to make presentations on stories of valour of the brave hearts, we came across at the National War Memorial. We divided ourselves into five groups. We are choosing martyrs to make presentations depicting their courageous stories. Our teacher has also advised us to share our experience during the school assembly. I am delighted that all the students of our school will get to know about the National War Memorial and the soldiers it commemorates.
Word Meanings:
| Word | Simple English | Hindi (हिंदी) | Urdu (اردو) |
| Martyrs | People who have died for a cause, especially for their country | शहीद | شہداء |
| Depicting | Showing or illustrating | चित्रित करना | پیش کرنا |
| Delighted | Very happy or pleased | प्रसन्न | خوش |
| Commemorates | Honors or remembers | श्रद्धांजलि अर्पित करना | یاد کرنا |
Explanation:
After their visit, Soumya and her classmates decided to make presentations about the stories of valour (bravery) of the martyrs they learned about at the National War Memorial. They divided themselves into five groups, each choosing a martyr to present their courageous stories. Their teacher also encouraged them to share their experiences with the rest of the school during the school assembly.
Soumya is delighted because she knows that by sharing these stories, all the students in the school will learn about the National War Memorial and the soldiers it commemorates—those who gave their lives for the country.
This part shows how the students are spreading awareness about the heroes they learned about and the importance of remembering them. It also highlights the excitement and pride they feel in being part of such an important learning experience.
I am going to give a presentation on the story of Major Padmapani Acharya who fought for India in the 1999 Kargil War and was awarded the Maha Vir Chakra.
That’s a great choice for a presentation! Major Padmapani Acharya is a true hero. He was a part of the 1999 Kargil War, and his bravery and leadership were exemplary. He fought with courage to recapture strategic positions from the enemy. His selfless act of bravery during heavy combat led to his posthumous award of the Maha Vir Chakra, one of India’s highest military honors.
The citation for the Maha Vir Chakra reads as follows:
Word Meanings:
| Word | Simple English | Hindi (हिंदी) | Urdu (اردو) |
| Citation | A formal statement explaining why someone is being awarded a medal | पुरस्कार विवरण | حوالہ |
| Formidable | Very powerful or difficult to defeat | भयंकर | مشکل |
| Faltered | Stumbled or almost failed | डगमगाना | رکاوٹ آنا |
| Casualties | People who are injured or killed in an event | हताहत | جانی نقصان |
| Disregard | Lack of consideration or care | उपेक्षा | غفلت |
| Raining | Falling heavily, like a shower | बारिश की तरह गिरना | بارش کی طرح گزرنا |
| Hail | A large number of something coming down at once, like bullets | ओले | برفباری |
| Lobbed | Thrown or tossed gently | फेंकना | پھینکنا |
| Severely | Very seriously or strongly | गंभीर रूप से | سختی سے |
| Succumbed | Gave in to or died from | हार मानना | مرنا |
| Spirit of self-sacrifice | The willingness to give up one’s own life for a greater cause | आत्म-बलिदान की भावना | خود قربانی کا جذبہ |
Explanation:
The Maha Vir Chakra citation for Major Padmapani Acharya details his exceptional bravery during the Kargil War on 28 June 1999. He was tasked with capturing a well-fortified enemy position, heavily defended with artillery and mines. The success of the mission depended on this position being captured early. However, when the company’s first attack failed due to the enemy’s artillery, Major Acharya took the reserve platoon and charged through the artillery fire.
Despite heavy casualties and being wounded himself, Major Acharya continued to lead his men. He even crawled up to the enemy position and threw grenades, displaying immense courage. After being seriously injured and unable to move, he ordered his men to continue the charge while he kept fighting. The position was eventually captured, but Major Acharya succumbed to his injuries after the mission was completed.
His actions showed remarkable courage, leadership, and a spirit of self-sacrifice. He is remembered as a symbol of bravery and devotion to duty.
This story is an excellent example of the Maha Vir Chakra being awarded for extraordinary heroism under fire.
Before he went into battle, he wrote a letter to his father that he wasn’t afraid or scared about losing his life while trying to protect the motherland. Quoting Shrimad Bhagavad Gita he went on to say:
Word Meanings:
| Word | Simple English | Hindi (हिंदी) | Urdu (اردو) |
| Quoting | Repeating someone’s words or writings, especially from a book or speech | उद्धृत करना | اقتباس کرنا |
| Bhagavad Gita | A 700-verse Hindu scripture that is part of the Indian epic Mahabharata | भगवद गीता | بھگود گیتا |
| Motherland | One’s country, especially in a patriotic sense | मातृभूमि | مادر وطن |
Explanation:
Before going into battle, Major Padmapani Acharya wrote a letter to his father in which he expressed that he was not afraid of losing his life while fighting for his country, India. His letter reflects the bravery and commitment to his motherland. To support his fearless mindset, he quoted the Shrimad Bhagavad Gita, a sacred Hindu scripture that teaches about duty and selflessness, saying that it was his duty to protect his country and he would carry it out with complete dedication, regardless of the personal risks.
This shows that Major Acharya’s bravery was not just physical, but also deeply philosophical and rooted in a sense of duty and devotion. The Bhagavad Gita teaches about dharma (duty) and the importance of selfless action, which Major Acharya embodied during his time in battle.
This part of his story highlights the powerful connection between his faith, duty, and bravery.
Here is the website link for National War Memorial https://nationalwarmemorial.gov.in/. Share it with your friends to learn more about it.
We reached Bengaluru yesterday. I have written a long letter as I could not help sharing this inspring experience with you.
Give my regards to your Mom and Dad. I miss your Mom’s Chhole Bhature. You know I am a foodie! Say hello to Amit.
Your friend,
Soumya
This final part of Soumya’s letter reflects her excitement and personal touch. Here’s a breakdown of the message:
Word Meanings:
| Word | Simple English | Hindi (हिंदी) | Urdu (اردو) |
| Foodie | Someone who loves food and enjoys trying new kinds of food | खानपान का शौक रखने वाला | کھانے کا شوقین |
| Regards | Best wishes or greetings | शुभकामनाएँ | نیک خواہشات |
| Say hello to | To pass on greetings to someone | नमस्ते कहना | سلام کہنا |
| Chhole Bhature | A popular Indian dish consisting of spicy chickpea curry and fried bread | छोले भटूरे | چولے بھتورے |
Explanation:
In the letter, Soumya is reflecting on her recent trip to Bengaluru and sharing her inspiring experience from the National War Memorial. She also sends her regards to her friend’s family, showing her warmth and care. She expresses how much she misses her friend’s mom’s Chhole Bhature, a dish she enjoys because she is a foodie. Finally, she asks her friend to say hello to Amit, further personalizing the letter with familiar touches.
Soumya’s letter ends on a friendly and heartfelt note, balancing her memorable experience with personal interactions, making it both reflective and warm.
1. Where is the National War Memorial located and what is its significance?
The National War Memorial is located near India Gate in New Delhi. It is significant because it commemorates the soldiers who have sacrificed their lives for the nation in various wars, including post-independence conflicts. The memorial honors the bravery, sacrifice, and service of the Indian Armed Forces, ensuring their contributions are never forgotten.
2. What is the nation’s highest gallantry award?
The nation’s highest gallantry award is the Param Vir Chakra (PVC). It is awarded to soldiers for their exceptional bravery and courage in the face of the enemy during wartime.
3. What do the walls of Chakras portray?
The walls of Chakras in the National War Memorial portray the heroic deeds and sacrifices of soldiers. The Tyag Chakra (Circle of Sacrifice) specifically symbolizes the sacrifices made by the soldiers post-independence. The names of fallen heroes are etched on granite tablets on these walls, ensuring that their courage is honored and remembered.
4. Find in the lesson the paragraph/s and the sentence that evoke the feelings given below.
(i) Feeling of Wonder:
- “I was also overwhelmed by the interminable flame as a metaphor for eternal stories of courage and valour.” This sentence reflects a sense of awe and wonder at the eternal flame symbolizing the bravery of soldiers.
(ii) Heartening:
- “It was heartening to know that our government has recognised the sacrifice of brave soldiers.” This sentence expresses a positive and uplifting feeling about the recognition of soldiers’ sacrifices.
(iii) Sense of Motivation:
- “We were awestruck and humbled by his bravery. I aspire to be courageous like him when I join the army!” This expresses a sense of motivation inspired by the bravery of Lance Naik Albert Ekka and Major Padmapani Acharya.
(iv) Pride:
- “It truly is a majestic site that filled me with pride for our nation.” This reflects pride for the nation upon visiting the National War Memorial.
(v) Visually Inspiring:
- “The overall environment created an emotive experience that was visually inspiring.” This conveys a visually inspiring feeling from the National War Memorial’s atmosphere.
(vi) Sadness:
- “I also have to admit that the various discourses on the day brought tears to my eyes. It was sad to think about the massive devastation and loss of life caused by wars.” This expresses sadness about the loss of lives in wars.
(vii) Gratitude:
- “It was heartening to know that our government has recognised the sacrifice of brave soldiers.” This expresses gratitude for the recognition of soldiers’ sacrifices.
(viii) Inspiration:
- “I aspire to be courageous like him when I join the army!” This sentence conveys inspiration drawn from Major Padmapani Acharya’s bravery.
